Sarcoma sinovial primario pulmonar: un caso inusual en pediatría / Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma: an unusual case in pediatrics

El sarcoma sinovial primario de pulmón (SSPP) localizado en bronquio, es una entidad no reportada en la edad pediátrica. Se presenta el caso de un niño de siete años con antecedente de aparentes neumonías recurrentes derechas de siete meses de evolución; en la evaluación por neumología pediátrica se destaca en las radiografías de tórax, la presencia de atelectasias recurrentes en lóbulo medio e inferior derecho, por lo que se realiza broncoscopia, donde se observa una masa obstruyendo el 100% de la luz del bronquio fuente derecho y se sospecha tumor carcinoide. Se realiza extirpación de masa endobronquial con fines diagnósticos y terapéuticos, incluyendo resección segmentaria bronquial y anastomosis término-terminal. El respectivo análisis inmunohistoquímico muestra hallazgos sugestivos de sarcoma sinovial monofásico. Se descarta compromiso tumoral extrapulmonar, por lo que se diagnostica como tumor primario de bronquio. Se administraron 7 ciclos de quimioterapia y 31 sesiones de radioterapia. Actualmente en control, sin evidencia de metástasis, tumores residuales o recidivas.

Primary Synovial Sarcoma of Lung (PSSL) located in the bronchus is an unreported entity in pediatric age. We present the case of a 7-year-old child with a history of apparent recurrent right pneumonia of 7 months of evolution; in the evaluation by pediatric pulmonology, the presence of recurrent atelectasis in the middle and lower right lobe is highlighted on chest X-rays, so bronchoscopy is performed, where a mass is observed obstructing 100% of the right bronchus lumen and carcinoid tumor is suspected. Endobronchial mass resection is performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including bronchial segmental resection and termino-terminal anastomosis. The respective immunohistochemical analysis shows suggestive findings of monophasic synovial sarcoma. Extrapulmonary tumor involvement is ruled out, so it is diagnosed as a primary bronchial tumor. 7 cycles of chemotherapy and 31 sessions of radiation therapy are given. Currently in control, with no evidence of metastasis, residual tumors, or recurrence.

Efeito da suplementação de colina protegida no perfil metabólico e intervalo entre parto e concepção de vacas leiteiras / Prepartum supplementation of protected choline on metabolic profile and interval between calving and conception of dairy cows

Durante o periparto, as vacas leiteiras são submetidas a uma grande demanda de energia, ao mesmo tempo em que reduzem sua ingestão de matéria seca. O balanço energético negativo, resultante dessa equação, acarreta severos transtornos metabólicos, à produção e, principalmente, à reprodução. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da colina protegida sobre os parâmetros metabólicos, o intervalo entre parto e concepção e a produção de leite em vacas no período de transição. Cinquenta e quatro vacas leiteiras foram divididas em três grupos: controle, suplementação com colina por 10 dias pré-parto (T10) e suplementação com colina por 20 dias pré-parto (T20). Após o parto, foram mensurados os teores de frutosamina, colesterol, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT) e total de oxidantes (TOS), nos dias 10, 20 e 30. Ainda foram avaliadas produção de leite e intervalo entre parto e concepção. Não houve efeito da suplementação com colina sobre os parâmetros sanguíneos e a produção. O intervalo entre parto e concepção foi menor no grupo T20. A colina suplementada por 20 dias durante o pré-parto melhorou a performance reprodutiva de vacas leiteiras(AU)

During the periparturient dairy cows undergo a large energy demand, at the same time reducing their intake of dry matter. The negative energy balance resulting from this equation leads to severe metabolic disorders in production, and mainly in reproduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected choline on metabolic parameters, reproductive performance, and milk production in cows during the transition period. Fifty-four dairy cows were divided into three groups: control, supplementation with choline for 10 days prepartum (T10) and supplementation with choline for 20 days prepartum (T20). After delivery we measured fructosamine levels, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), and total oxidant (TOS) on days 10, 20 and 30. We also evaluated milk production and interval between calving and conception. There was no effect of supplementation with choline on blood and production parameters. The interval between calving and conception was lower in the T20 group. Choline supplemented by 20 during the antepartum improved reproductive performance of dairy cows, although it did not change the metabolic profile.(AU)

First description of basaloid carcinoma of the canine mammary gland: case report / Primeira descrição do carcinoma basaloide da glândula mamária canina: relato de caso

The objective of this case report was to describe histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the first reported basaloid carcinomas in the canine mammary gland. Two bitches were treated for tumors in the mammary gland and underwent mastectomy. Microscopic evaluation of these tumors revealed epithelial cells arranged in a predominantly solid pattern with hyperchromatic peripheral cells arranged in a palisade pattern. Metastases in regional lymph nodes were found in both animals, and one bitch exhibited pulmonary metastasis. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive labeling for the basal cell markers cytokeratin 14 and p63. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings led to diagnoses of basaloid carcinoma of the canine mammary gland with regional and distant metastasis.(AU)

O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever as características histopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas do primeiro relato de carcinoma basaloide na glândula mamária canina. Duas cadelas foram atendidas com tumores na glândula mamária e foram submetidas à mastectomia. A avaliação microscópica demonstrou células epiteliais arranjadas em um padrão predominantemente sólido, com células periféricas hipercromáticas, dispostas em paliçada. As duas apresentaram metástase em linfonodos regionais e uma delas metástase pulmonar. A imuno-histoquímica revelou marcação positiva para citoqueratina 14 e p63, marcadores de células basais. Achados histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos levaram ao diagnóstico de carcinoma basaloide da glândula mamária canina com metástase regional e a distância.(AU)

Eficacia y seguridad de tres esquemas para la preparación del colon para colonoscopia (polietilenglicol (PEG) 4 litros (4 L) (dosis única) vs. PEG 4 L dividido (2 L + 2 L) vs. PEG 2 L dividido de volumen bajo (1 L + 1 L): ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado / A randomized controlled clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of colonoscopy preparation using a single four liter dose of polyethylene glycol (PEG) vs. two 2 liter doses of PEG vs. two low volume (1L + 1L) doses of PEG

Resumen Introducción: la colonoscopia es el examen estándar de oro para evaluar la mucosa del colon. De la limpieza del colon en la preparación intestinal para colonoscopia depende el hallazgo de pólipos, que pueden ser adenomatosos con potencial maligno y con la posibilidad de degenerarse en cáncer de colon. Objetivo: comparar la eficacia y la seguridad de tres tipos de preparaciones para la limpieza del colon: dosis única de polietilenglicol (PEG) 4 litros (4 L) y dosis divididas: PEG 4 L dividido (2 L + 2 L) y PEG 2 L dividido (1 L + 1 L) de volumen bajo. Métodos: en pacientes con una colonoscopia electiva de una clínica universitaria, se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado y ciego (para el médico que evaluó la limpieza del colon). Se asignaron 74 pacientes para cada grupo. El parámetro principal de eficacia fue la preparación integral de calidad adecuada medida con la escala de Boston, y los parámetros secundarios fueron el porcentaje de eventos adversos, la tolerabilidad y la tasa de detección de pólipos. Resultados: la preparación completa de todo el colon fue significativamente de mayor la calidad en la alternativa de 4 L divididos (2 L + 2 L), seguida de la otra alternativa dividida (1 L + 1 L) y menor en la dosis única (79,7 %, 75,7 % y 63,5 %, respectivamente, p = 0,019); también se encontraron diferencias en la detección de pólipos (13,5 %, 24,3 % y 9,5 %, p = 0,037) y sin diferencias en la presentación de al menos un evento adverso (p = 0,254) ni en la tolerabilidad (p = 0,640). Conclusiones: las dos preparaciones de dosis dividida tienen una mayor eficacia en la limpieza del colon en comparación con la dosis única de 4 L y en la detección de pólipos, mientras que no se evidencian diferencias en las preparaciones para la ocurrencia de eventos adversos y la tolerabilidad. La dosis de PEG 2 L dividido puede ser una muy buena opción para las preparaciones de colonoscopia electiva.

Abstract Introduction: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for evaluation of the colonic mucosa. Colon cleansing in preparation for colonoscopy depends on finding of polyps which can be adenomatous with malignant potential and the possibility of degenerating into colon cancer. Objective: This study's objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of three types of preparations for colon cleansing: a single four liter dose of polyethylene glycol (PEG) vs. two 2 liter doses of PEG vs. two low volume (1L + 1L) doses of PEG. Methods: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial of patients who underwent elective colonoscopy at a University clinic. It was blinded for the doctor who evaluated colon cleansing. Seventy four patients 74 patients were randomized into each group. The main parameter of effectiveness was integral preparation of adequate quality measured on the Boston scale. Secondary parameters were the percentage of adverse events, tolerability and detection rate of polyps. Results: Complete preparation of the entire colon was achieved significantly more often with 4 liters divided into two 2 liter doses followed by the other divided alternative (1 L + 1 L). It was achieved least frequently with in the single dose: 79.7%, 75.7% and 63.5%, respectively, p = 0.019. Differences were also found in the detection of polyps (13.5%, 24.3% and 9.5%, respectively, p = 0.037). ) There were no differences in presentation of at least one adverse event (p = 0.254) or in tolerability (p = 0.640). Conclusions: The two divided dose preparations had higher colon cleansing and polyp detection efficacies than did the single 4L dose while there were no differences in occurrence of adverse events and tolerability. The divided PEG 2L dose could be a very good option for elective colonoscopy preparation.

Características endoscópicas e histopatológicas de los pólipos colorrectales resecados endoscópicamente en una institución universitaria de Bogotá D. C / Endoscopic and Histopathological Characteristics of Colorectal Polyps Resected Endoscopically at a University Institution in Bogotá D. C

Resumen El cáncer colorrectal es una de las causas de mortalidad más importantes en los países occidentales. Desde cuando se estableció la progresión de adenoma a carcinoma, se ha considerado que los pólipos del colon son un factor de riesgo importante para desarrollar el cáncer colorrectal, por esta razón es importante el conocimiento, detección y resección, e investigación del tema. En Colombia no se han realizado estudios prospectivos que evalúen las características de los pólipos colorrectales, razón por la cual se considera de gran importancia la realización de este estudio con el objetivo de determinar las características endoscópicas e histopatológicas de los pólipos colónicos encontrados y resecados mediante colonoscopia. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, mediante el análisis de los pólipos resecados en pacientes del servicio de gastroenterología y endoscopia digestiva de la Clínica Universitaria Colombia. Se calculó un tamaño de muestra de forma probabilística (n = 306 pólipos resecados). En cuanto a la histología, y contrario a lo informado en la literatura, la mayoría de los pólipos detectados en nuestro estudio (170) fue de tipo adenomatoso (55,6 %). El mayor porcentaje de ellos (86 %) correspondió al tipo tubular, hallazgo acorde con lo mencionado en la literatura, la mayoría de ellos con displasia de bajo grado. Solo en 2 de nuestros pacientes se realizó el hallazgo de pólipos cuya histología diagnosticó la presencia de adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Colorectal cancer is one of the most important causes of death in Western countries. Since the progression from adenoma to carcinoma was established, it has been considered that colon polyps are an important risk factor for development of colorectal cancer, hence the importance of knowledge and research about them as well as their detection and resection. In our country there had been no prospective evaluations of the characteristics of colorectal polyps, so we considered this study to determine the endoscopic and histopathological characteristics of colonic polyps found and resected through colonoscopy to be of great importance. This descriptive and observational study includes analysis of polyps resected from patients inthe Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy service of the Clínica Universitaria Colombia. Sample size was calculated probabilistically (n = 306 resected polyps). Contrary to reports in the literature, most of the polyps detected in our study (170) were adenomatous (55.6%). The highest percentage (86%) were tubular which is consistent with the literature. Most of them had low grade dysplasia. Only two of our patients had polyps found whose histology indicated adenocarcinoma.

Efeito metafilático do zinco injetável sobre parâmetros metabólicos e oxidativos de ovelhas no pós-parto imediato / Metaphylactic effect of injectable zinc on metabolic and oxidative parameters of sheep in the immediate postpartum

The aim of this study was to evaluate a new source of injectable organic zinc (zinc edetate) on the energy and oxidative profile in sheep during the immediate postpartum period. Twenty-six Texel breed animals were previously identified and divided into two experimental groups: the treated group (TG; n= 13) that comprised the animals that received a subcutaneous (SC) injection of 100 mg of zinc edetate (2 mL) fifteen days before the parturition expected date and the control group (CG; n=13) that comprised the animals that received 2mL of physiological solution at the same date of TG. Blood samples were collected on the parturition day for the assessment of serum fructosamine, cholesterol and triglycerides, insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1), the oxidative stress index (OSi) and blood zinc concentration. In addition to these parameters, the measurement of zinc was made in food given to the animals. There was no difference in metabolic parameters and OSi between the experimental groups (P>0.05), as well as in blood zinc concentrations (P>0.05). The parenteral zinc edentate does not change the energy and oxidative profile of sheep in immediate postpartum.(AU)

Determinación del grado de infestación e infección de vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas en la comunidad de Huayhuasi (Mecapaca) / Determination of the degree of infestation and infection of vectors of Chagas disease in the community of Huayhuasi (Mecapaca)

Los trabajos realizados de trampeo y captura de triatominos (que son los insectos vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas) en zonas silvestres de los alrededores de la localidad de Huayhuasi, municipio de Mecapaca en el departamento de La Paz. Se colocaron 50 trampas en lugares estratégicos escogidos de acuerdo a las características del área de estudio. De las 50 trampas, en 9 trampas se lograron atrapar a los triatominos, lo que representa el 4.5% de infestación de la zona de estudio. Se capturaron a 13 insectos (7 ninfas de diferentes estadíos y 6 adultos). Las características morfológicas de los insectos fueron las típicas del Triatoma infestans. En el examen en fresco de las deyecciones de los 6 especímenes adultos capturados, en 4 de ellos se detectó presencia del parásito Trypanosoma cruzi, lo cual demuestra un 67% de infección, porcentaje bastante significativo en consideración a la cercanía de estos lugares infestados a las zonas urbanas del municipio de Mecapaca. Los parásitos que los especímenes portaban, fueron aislados y cultivados en medio de cultivo LIT (Liver Infusion Tryptose) suplementado con 10% de suero bovino fetal e incubados en estufa a 26°C. El análisis del ADN extraído de los parásitos, ha revelado la DTU (Discrete Typing Unit) correspondiente al linaje TcI.

Trapping and capture of triatomines (which are the insect's vectors of Chagas' disease) were carried out in wild areas around the town of Huayhuasi, municipality of Mecapaca, in the department of La Paz. 50 traps were placed in strategic places chosen according to the characteristics already established. Of the 50 traps, nine traps managed to trap the triatomines, representing 4.5% of infestation in the study area. 13 insects (7 nymphs of different stages and 6 adults) were captured. The morphological characteristics of the insects were typical of Triatoma infestans. In the fresh examination of the excrement of the six captured adult specimens, in 4 of them the presence of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi was detected, which shows a 67% infection, a very significant percentage considering the proximity of these infested places to the Urban areas of the municipality of Mecapaca. The parasites that the specimens carried were isolated and cultured in LIT (Liver Infusion Triptose) medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and incubated in an oven at 26 °C. Analysis of the DNA extracted from the parasites has revealed the DTU corresponding to the Tc I lineage.

Bone mineral density and inflammatory bowel disease severity

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). In this study, the association between disease severity and BMD in patients with IBD was evaluated. Associations between BMD and the Montreal classification, disease activity and drug therapy were also tested. A cross-sectional prevalence study with a comparison group was conducted. One hundred and twenty-eight patients were evaluated: 68 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 60 with Crohn's disease (CD). The control group consisted of 67 healthy subjects. All patients and controls had BMD measured and in IBD patients, current medications, hospitalization, and disease location, extent and phenotype, according to the Montreal classification, were recorded. Multiple correspondence analysis was applied to evaluate categorical variables. In the CD group, most patients were diagnosed between 17-40 years of age. Ileocolonic and non-stricturing non-penetrating disease were the most frequent disease location and behavior, respectively. In UC patients, extensive colitis was the most frequent disease location. UC and CD patients were more likely to have osteopenia than controls (OR=14.93/OR=24.38, respectively). In the CD group, male patients, perianal disease, penetrating behavior and age at diagnosis >40 years were associated with low BMD. Taking azathioprine and infliximab also seemed to be associated with osteopenia. In the UC group, we observed an association between low BMD and male patients, left colitis, corticosteroid use and hospitalization. Disease activity was not associated with osteopenia or osteoporosis in CD and UC patients. Disease severity seems to be associated with osteopenia in IBD patients.

Hiperfosfatasemia transitoria benigna de la infancia: Serie clínica / Benign transient hyperphosphatasaemia in infants: Clinical series

Las fosfatasas alcalinas (FA) son un grupo de 4 isoenzimas que se producen en diversos tejidos, pudiendo elevarse en condiciones fisiológicas y secundariamente a enfermedades óseas o hepatobiliares. En niños una de las causas más frecuentes e inocuas, pero poco conocidas, es la hiperfosfatasemia transitoria benigna de la infancia (HFTBI). El objetivo es reportar una serie de casos de HFTBI y proponer un criterio de enfrentamiento. Casos clínicos: Se presentan 5 niños de entre 11 y 50 meses de edad, 4 de ellos de sexo femenino, con hallazgo incidental de elevación severa (> 1.000 UI/l) en los niveles de FA en exámenes solicitados por mal incremento pondo-estatural o por cuadros infecciosos. A través de la anamnesis, examen físico y laboratorio básico se descartó enfermedad ósea o hepática. En 2 de los pacientes se determinaron las isoenzimas, destacando el predominio óseo. Se comprobó una normalización de los niveles de FA en un periodo de uno a 6 meses, sin evidencia de complicaciones posteriores. Conclusión: La HFTBI es un desorden bioquímico benigno de evolución autolimitada, que es importante tener presente al enfrentar un niño menor de 5 años con elevación severa de FA, en ausencia de alteraciones clínicas o de laboratorio que sugieran enfermedad ósea o hepática.

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is a group of 4 isoenzymes produced in different tissues. Elevated levels of ALP can be developed under physiological conditions, and can indicate the presence of bone or hepatobiliary diseases. In children, one of its most common harmless causes is benign transient hyperphosphatasaemia (BTH), a little known condition. The objective is to report BTH cases and propose a monitoring plan. Case reports: The cases of 5 children aged between 11 and 50 months are presented, 4 of them female, with the incidental finding of a sudden and severe ALP elevation (> 1,000 U/l), in tests ordered due to either abnormal growth and development, or intercurrent infections. Bone and liver disease were ruled out using the patient history, physical examination and basic laboratory results. Isoenzymes levels were determined in 2 patients. A return to normal ALP levels was observed over a period of 1-6 months, with no evidence of further complications. Conclusion: BTH is a benign self-limiting biochemical disorder, which should be considered in children under 5 years old with severe ALP elevation in the absence of clinical or laboratory abnormalities suggestive of bone or liver disease.

Color stability of a resin composite: Effect of the immersion method and surface treatments.

Background: In vitro staining methods expose the entire specimen to staining solutions. In a real clinical situation, this is not observed, since one should consider that the bonded surface is not exposed to the oral environment. Theoretically, the clinical condition would be the best simulated if the specimens were exposed to staining solutions by partial immersion. Aims: To evaluate if different immersion methods and surface treatments influence the color stability of resin‑based specimens. Methodology: A stainless steel matrix was used to prepare 30 disc‑shaped specimens that were randomly allocated in three groups: Without polishing, polishing with abrasive discs, and surface sealant. Half of the specimens were isolated to maintain only the upper surface exposed to staining (partial immersion) and the other half was totally immersed in coffee solution for 48 h (total immersion). The coordinates ΔE*, ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* were assessed by spectrophotometer. Statistical Analysis: Two‑way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests (α =0.05). Results: Specimens submitted to partial immersion showed lower values of ΔE*, ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, in comparison to total immersion (P = 0.000). Specimens covered by a surface sealant presented lower ΔE* values regardless of the immersion method. Conclusions: Specimens totally immersed in staining solutions could in somehow overestimate the color change, once that in most clinical conditions not all of the restoration surfaces are exposed to the oral environment. Moreover, as the surface sealant application produces color change values that are clinically acceptable, it might be used in esthetic restorations as an adjunct treatment.

Atividade antagonista do óleo essencial de Lippia alba (Mill. ) N. E. Brown (Verbenaceae) sobre Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood / Antagonist activity of the essential oil Lippia alba (Mill. ) N. E. Brown (Verbenaceae) on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood

RESUMO O controle de fitonematóides é uma tarefa difícil. A alta infestação de nematoides no solo obriga os produtores a usarem doses mais elevadas de nematicidas, ou ainda, a aumentarem a freqüência das aplicações, geralmente no solo, ocasionando maior potencial de dano ao homem e ao ambiente. Além disso, nematicidas convencionais vêm sofrendo grandes restrições de uso em muitos países. Desse modo, a busca de novas medidas de controle de fitonematóides é uma prioridade da agricultura sustentável. Desta forma, objetivou-se estudar o efeito de óleos essenciais de Lippia Alba, na mortalidade de juvenis pré-parasitas do segundo estádio de Meloidogyne incognita. O ensaio foi montado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições, em esquema fatorial 3×4 (3 quimiotipos x 4 concentrações) empregando-se três diferentes quimiotipos de L. Alba (I, II, III) nas concentrações de 0, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm, coletados em diferentes horas do dia (7, 9, 13, 16 e 19h). Os dados coletados (% de mortalidade) foram submetidos à análise de variância e os valores médios comparados por meio do teste de Tukey. Foi possível concluir que Lippia alba contém, em seu óleo essencial, compostos com efeitos significativos na mortalidade de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) de M. incognita. Dessa forma, é importante destacar que o acentuado efeito nematicida do óleo essencial de L. alba sugere a possibilidade de seu uso no controle de M. incognita.

ABSTRACT The control of nematodes is difficult. The high infestation of nematodes in the soil requires the producers use higher doses of nematicides, increasing the frequency of applications, usually in soil, causing negative effects to humans and the environment. Furthermore, conventional nematicides have suffered great use restrictions in many countries. Thus, the search for new measures to control nematodes is a priority of sustainable agriculture. Thus, the objective of this study was available the effect of essential oils from Lippia Alba against Meloidogyne incognita. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in a factorial 3x4 (3 chemotypes and 4 concentrations) using three different chemotypes of L. Alba (I, II, III) at concentrations of 0, 100, 500 and 1000 ppm, collected in different times of day (7 AM, 9 AM, 1 PM, 4 PM e 7 PM). The data collected (% mortality) were subjected to analysis of variance and mean values were compared using the Tukey test. It was able to conclude that L. alba contains in its essential oil, compounds with significant effects on mortality of M. incognita. Thus, it is important to note that the greatest nematicide effect of essential oil of L. alba suggests the possibility of its use to control M. incognita.

Avaliação das curvas de secagem de guaco (Mikania glomerata Spreng. ) em secador de bandejas / Evaluation of drying curves of Mikania glomerata Spreng. in a tray dryer

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes modelos matemáticos para determinar a curva de secagem de guaco. Para a condução do experimento, foi utilizado um secador com ventilação forçada, com 4 bandejas, empregando gás liquefeito de petróleo como fonte de aquecimento. Foram realizados 6 tratamentos de secagem: com ar aquecido a 40, 50, 60, 70 e 80ºC, e com ar a temperatura ambiente. Para todos os tratamentos a velocidade do ar de secagem passando através da massa de plantas foi mantida em, aproximadamente, 0,5 m s-1. Para ajuste dos modelos matemáticos aos dados experimentais realizou-se análise de regressão não-linear pelo método Quasi-Newton empregando-se o programa computacional STATISTICA 6.0®, sendo os valores dos parâmetros dos modelos estimados em função da temperatura do ar de secagem. Apenas o modelo proposto por Midilli et al. apresentou ajuste satisfatório para descrever o processo de secagem de guaco, independentemente da temperatura do ar de secagem, enquanto o modelo da aproximação da difusão se adequou para a temperatura ambiente e com ar aquecido a 60ºC.

This work aimed to evaluate different mathematical models to determine the curve of the drying of Mikania glomerata Spreng. . For the conduction of the experiment, a drier with forced ventilation was used, with 4 trays, using liquefied petroleum gas as heating source. Six drying treatments were carried out, that is, with hot air at 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80ºC, as well as drying with air at room temperature. For all the treatments, the drying air speed, through the mass of plants, were kept at, approximately, 0.5 m s-1. For the adjustment of the mathematical models to the experimental data, nonlinear regression analysis was performed through the Quasi-Newton method, using the computational program STATISTICA 6.0®, and the values of the parameters of the models were estimated in function of the temperature of the drying air. But only the model considered by Midilli et al. presented satisfactory adjustment to describe the process of drying Mikania glomerata Spreng., regardless of the temperature of the drying air, while the model of diffusion approximation was suitable for room temperature and hot air at 60ºC.

Diagnóstico diferencial del raquitismo hipocalcémico. caso clínico / Differential diagnosis in hypocalcemic rickets: a clinical case

Introducción: La hipocalcemia es un hallazgo infrecuente en los pacientes atendidos en los servicios de urgencia pediátricos. El raquitismo se puede presentar como una hipocalcemia crónica la mayoría de las veces asintomática, sin embargo, algunos pacientes presentan tetanias hipocalcémica. Objetivo: Presentar el caso clínico de una niña con raquitismo hipocalcémico, cuyo diagnóstico fue tardío. Caso clínico: Prescolar de 2 años 5 meses con alteración en la marcha, mal incremento ponderal, espasmos musculares y signos de raquitismo activo. Los exámenes revelaron hipocalcemia severa, normofosfemia, fosfatasa alcalina y PTH elevada y niveles normales de 25 hidroxivitamina D. Se manejó con calcio y calcitriol, y se diagnosticó raquitismo vitamina D dependiente tipo I. Conclusión: Los síntomas y signos clásicos de raquitismo, así como la hipocalcemia, deben hacernos plantear hoy en día el diagnóstico de raquitismo. Un mejor conocimiento de esta patología permitirá evitar el retraso en el diagnóstico y un tratamiento más oportuno.

Introduction: Hypocalcemia is rare in patients attending pediatric emergency services. Rickets can present as a chronic hypocalcemia often asymptomatic, poor growth rate, psychomotor delay and bone abnormalities, but some patients may present tetanic seizures. Although its incidence has decreased, a resurgence of rickets has been described. Objective: To present a case of a child with hypocalcemic rickets, whose diagnosis was delayed. Case report: Preschool of 2,4 years old with gait disturbance, poor growth rate, muscle spams and signs of active rickets. Laboratory results showed hypocalcemia, normophosphemia, alkaline phosphatase, high PTH and normal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. She received treatment with calcium and calcitriol and had a good response; Vitamin D dependent rickets type I was diagnosed. Conclusion: Classics signs and symptoms of rickets, as hypocalcemic manifestations, should lead us today to diagnose rickets. Better knowledge of this disease will avoid retarded diagnosis and give a suitable treatment.

Determination of diflubenzuron residues in milk and cattle tissues / Determinação de resíduos de diflubenzuron em leite e tecidos bovinos

Diflubenzuron (DFB) is used to control ectoparasitic infestation by inhibiting larvae development in the manure and feces of treated animals. It is also currently been used to control tick infestations. In this study, milk and tissues from cattle treated orally with DFB for a 77-120 day period with a commercial product containing the compound were analyzed for the presence of residues. DFB residues were determined by using extraction with acetonitrile, cleanup with C18 SPE and chromatographic analysis by HPLC with UV detection (254nm). DFB was not detected in any of the analysed samples (<0.006mg kg-1 for fat, <0.014mg kg-1 for muscle, <0.015mg kg-1 for kidney, <0.016mg kg-1 for liver and <0.0006mg kg-1 for milk). In this manner, the use of this compound, according to the manufacturer's suggested doses may result in cattle milk, liver, kidneys, fat and muscles being considered safe regarding the presence of DFB residues.

O diflubenzuron (DFB) é um inibidor de desenvolvimento de insetos que inibe a síntese de quitina com atividade ovicida e larvicida e está sendo utilizado na pecuária para o controle do carrapato. Leite e tecidos provenientes de bovinos tratados por um período de 77 a 120 dias com um produto comercial contendo DFB foram analisados quanto à presença de resíduos. Os resíduos de DFB foram determinados utilizando-se extração com acetonitrila, limpeza por SPE C18 e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por UV (254nm). DFB não foi detectado em nenhuma das amostras analisadas (<0.006mg kg-1 para gordura, <0,014mg kg-1 para músculo, <0,015mg kg-1 para rim, <0,016mg kg-1 para fígado e <0.0006mg kg-1 para leite). Dessa forma, a utilização do princípio ativo conforme recomendado pelo fabricante e em níveis suficientes para se obter o efeito larvicida desejado deve resultar em leite, fígado, rins, gordura e músculos que podem ser considerados seguros para o consumo em termos da presença DFB.

Comparison of different protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from reef corals

This study aimed to test different protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from the coral Mussismilia harttii. Four different commercial kits were tested, three of them based on methods for DNA extraction from soil (FastDNA SPIN Kit for soil, MP Bio, PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio, and ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit, Zymo Research) and one kit for DNA extraction from plants (UltraClean Plant DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio). Five polyps of the same colony of M. harttii were macerated and aliquots were submitted to DNA extraction by the different kits. After extraction, the DNA was quantified and PCR-DGGE was used to study the molecular fingerprint of Bacteria and Eukarya. Among the four kits tested, the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit was the most efficient with respect to the amount of DNA extracted, yielding about three times more DNA than the other kits. Also, we observed a higher number and intensities of DGGE bands for both Bacteria and Eukarya with the same kit. Considering these results, we suggested that the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit is the best adapted for the study of the microbial communities of corals.

Comparison of different protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from reef corals

This study aimed to test different protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from the coral Mussismilia harttii. Four different commercial kits were tested, three of them based on methods for DNA extraction from soil (FastDNA SPIN Kit for soil, MP Bio, PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio, and ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit, Zymo Research) and one kit for DNA extraction from plants (UltraClean Plant DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio). Five polyps of the same colony of M. harttii were macerated and aliquots were submitted to DNA extraction by the different kits. After extraction, the DNA was quantified and PCR-DGGE was used to study the molecular fingerprint of Bacteria and Eukarya. Among the four kits tested, the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit was the most efficient with respect to the amount of DNA extracted, yielding about three times more DNA than the other kits. Also, we observed a higher number and intensities of DGGE bands for both Bacteria and Eukarya with the same kit. Considering these results, we suggested that the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit is the best adapted for the study of the microbial communities of corals.

Rendimento extrativo de cumarina de folhas de guaco (Mikania glomerata Sprengel) submetidas a diferentes temperaturas de secagem / Extraction yield of coumarin from guaco (Mikania glomerata Sprengel) leaves subjected to different drying temperatures

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura do ar de secagem no rendimento extrativo da cumarina de folhas de guaco. Foram empregados 6 tratamentos de secagem, sendo ar ambiente, ar aquecido a 40, 50, 60, 70 e 80ºC. Utilizou-se secador de bandejas, tendo como fonte de aquecimento o gás liquefeito de petróleo (GLP). Os rendimentos extrativos da cumarina, depois de realizada a secagem, foram comparados com os valores obtidos da planta fresca (tratamento testemunha). A extração da cumarina foi realizada pelo método a quente, em banho-maria a 65ºC, sendo a identificação e quantificação realizada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Em função dos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que a temperatura do ar de secagem a 50ºC possibilitou o melhor resultado para o rendimento extrativo de cumarina em folhas de guaco.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drying on the extraction yield of coumarin from guaco leaves. Six drying treatments were used, being room air, heated air at 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80ºC. A tray dryer was used with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as heating source. The extraction yield of coumarin, after drying, was compared to the values obtained from the fresh plant (control treatment). Coumarin extraction was carried out by using the heat method, in water bath at 65ºC, and identification and quantification were done by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Considering the obtained results, the temperature of the drying air at 50ºC led to the best result for the extraction yield of coumarin in guaco leaves.

Salinity and freshwater discharge determine rotifer distribution at the Mossoró River Estuary (Semiarid Region of Brazil) / Salinidade e descarga de água doce determinam a distribuição de rotíferos no estuário do Rio Mossoró (região semiárida do Brasil)

The present study aimed at evaluating differences in rotifer distribution in three estuarine zones in an inverse estuary located in the Semiarid Region of Brazil. Zones were chosen based on their proximity to the ocean and river border as a means of reflecting a horizontal salinity gradient. High freshwater discharge during the rainy season was the major determinant of rotifer composition. On the other hand, due to higher salinity values during the dry season, very low values of species richness and abundance were observed in all zones. Therefore, the study highlights the constraints of salinity and the positive influence of seasonality and river proximity on rotifer species in a semiarid estuarine environment.

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar diferenças na distribuição de rotíferos em três zonas estuarinas em um estuário inverso localizado na região semiárida do Brasil. As zonas foram escolhidas com base em suas proximidades com o oceano e a margem do rio de forma a representar um gradiente de salinidade horizontal. A forte entrada de água doce durante o período chuvoso foi o maior determinante da composição de rotíferos. Do outro lado, devido aos maiores valores de salinidade durante o período seco, valores muito baixos de riqueza de espécies e abundância foram observados em todas as zonas. Dessa forma, o estudo demonstra as restrições da salinidade e a influência positiva da sazonalidade e da proximidade com o rio sobre as espécies de rotíferos em um ambiente estuarino do semiárido.

Uso e diversidade de plantas medicinais da Caatinga na comunidade rural de Laginhas, município de Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte (Nordeste do Brasil) / Use and diversity of medicinal plants from Caatinga in the rural community of Laginhas, Caicó Municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State (Northeast of Brazil)

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as formas de uso de plantas medicinais nativas do bioma Caatinga, em comunidade rural no município de Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte (Nordeste do Brasil). Utilizaram-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas e estruturadas buscando informações, junto a especialistas locais, sobre o uso das plantas. São descritos os usos medicinais de 62 espécies, reportadas por 12 informantes (mateiros, rezadeiras, raizeiros, agricultores e donas-de-casa) com idade superior a 35 anos. As famílias com maior representatividade na consulta foram Fabaceae (13 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (6 spp.) Cactaceae (3 spp.) e Lamiaceae (3 spp.). Para revelar as espécies mais importantes foi considerado o grau de consenso entre as respostas dos informantes. A aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão) e o cumaru (Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A. C. Sm.) destacaram-se como as espécies com o maior número de citações, sendo estas também as que obtiveram o maior número de indicações de usos terapêuticos. As cascas e as raízes foram as partes predominantemente consumidas. Os dados levantados por esta pesquisa evidenciaram uma diversidade de espécies da flora seridoense com potencial medicinal e reforçam a importância que a biodiversidade tem sobre as comunidades rurais, viabilizando o início do estudo de manejo da vegetação local.

The present study aimed to identify the different uses of medicinal plants native to Caatinga biome in a rural community from Caicó Municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Semi-structured and structured interviews with local specialists were used to collect information about the use of such plants. The medicinal uses of 62 species were described by 12 informants (woodsmen, faith healers, herb doctors, farmers and housewives) older than 35 years. The most representative families reported in the survey were Fabaceae (13 spp), Euphorbiaceae (6 spp.), Cactaceae (3 spp.), and Lamiaceae (3 spp.). The degree of consensus among responses was adopted to determine the most important species. The species "aroeira" (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão) and "cumaru" (Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A. C. Sm.) were most frequently mentioned and indicated for therapeutic uses. Barks and roots were the most consumed parts. The data obtained in this study indicated a diversity of flora species with medicinal potential in Seridó region (Rio Grande do Norte State) and reinforced the importance of biodiversity in rural communities, starting the study on the local vegetation management.

Adaptabilidade climática de caprinos Saanen e Azul no Meio-Norte do Brasil / Climatic adaptability of Saanen and Azul goats in Brazilian Middle-North

A adaptabilidade de caprinos de dois grupos genéticos, Saanen e Azul, às condições climáticas do Meio-Norte do Brasil foi avaliada por meio dos testes de Ibéria, Benezra e Rainsby. Nos dois primeiros, foram utilizadas sete fêmeas de cada grupo racial e, no terceiro, quatro fêmeas de cada grupo. Foram realizadas quatro coletas de dados em cada período (chuvoso e seco) de 2005. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em fatorial 2x2 (duas raças e dois períodos). Os valores do coeficiente de tolerância ao calor do teste de Ibéria no período seco diferiram entre os grupos (P<0,05) (Saanen = 97,65 e Azul = 94,31). Houve diferença entre grupos (P<0,05) quanto ao coeficiente de adaptabilidade 1 do teste de Benezra, nos dois períodos (chuvoso: Saanen = 5,13 e Azul = 3,26; seco: Saanen = 5,86 e Azul = 2,87). No teste de Rainsby, no grupo Azul, houve o retorno à temperatura de repouso nos dois períodos. Na Saanen, no período no seco, 100 minutos não foram suficientes para o retorno à temperatura de repouso. O grupo racial Azul mostrou-se mais adaptado às condições do Meio-Norte.

This study was undertaken to evaluate Saanen and Azul goats' adaptability to the Brazilian Middle-North region, based on adaptation indexes (Iberia, Benezra and Rainsby tests). A totall of seven and four females, respectively, of each group were used in two tests and four collections were performed during the rainy and dry periods of 2005 year. A completely randomized experimental design in a 2 x 2 (2 groups x 2 period) factorial treatment combination was used. Significant difference between groups (Saanen = 97.65 and Azul = 94.31) was observed for heat-tolerance coefficient (Iberia) during the dry period (P<.05). Significant differences between groups (P<0.05) were also observed for adaptability, coefficient 1 (Benezra) for both rainy (Saanen = 5.13 and Azul = 3.26) and dry periods (Saanen = 5.86 and Azul = 2.87). Based on Rainsby test, Azul goats returned to rest temperature in both periods. During the dry period 100 minutes were not enough for Saanen goats return to rest temperature. Azul goats showed higher adaptability to environment conditions of the Brazilian Middle-North region.